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Meena, S. S.
- Effect of WBGT on Physiological Cost of Operation for Agricultural Workers in Southern Rajasthan
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering (Farm Machinery and Power Engineering), College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering (Farm Machinery and Power Engineering), College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
Source
Engineering and Technology in India, Vol 7, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 78-83Abstract
Heat stress is a condition that is caused by worker over-exposure to the high temperature work environments often found in outdoor agriculture operations. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a measure of heat stress especially when it is above 27°C. Considering the range of temperatures prevalent in the Rajasthan state of India during the months of May and June, agricultural operations during these months and the associated heat stress on the agricultural workers, this study was designed to ascertain the effect of WBGT on physiological cost of operation for agricultural workers. Southern Rajasthan was selected to conduct this study. Different WBGT of 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C and 32°C were selected for this study. The study conducted on twelve farm workers reveals that WBGT induces heat stress on the bodies of workers. The resting, working and delta heart rates and resting and working oxygen consumption rates of workers increased with increase of WBGT from 28°C to 32°C. The resting hear rate, working heart rate and ΔHR was found increasing linearly with wet Bulb globe temperature with higher correlation. Resting and working OCR were also having increasing linear relationship with wet bulb globe temperature.Keywords
WBGT, Physiological Cost, Operation, Agricultural Workers.References
- Census, of India (2011). Department Statistics, Published by Govt. of India.
- Dash, S.K. and Kjellstrom, T. (2011). Workplace heat stress in the context of rising temperature in India, Curr. Sci., 101 (4): 1-8
- Huguette, M., Mbote, L. and Pierre, D. (2009). Physiological responses to heat strain: A study on personal monitoring for young workers, J. Thermal Biol., 34 : 299–305.
- Jackson, L. L. and Rosenberg, H. R. (2010). Preventing heat-related illness among agricultural workers, J. Agromedicine, 15 : 200–215.
- Kenney, W. L., David, W., De, Gischolar_main and Holowatz, L. A. (2004). Extremes of human heat tolerance: life at the precipice of thermoregulatory failure, J. Thermal Biol., 29 : 479–485.
- Kosakaa, M., Yamanea, M., Ogaia, R., Katoa, T., Ohnishia, N. and Simon, E. (2004). Human body temperature regulation in extremely stressful environment: epidemiology and pathophysiology of heat stroke, J. Thermal. Biol., 29 : 495–501.
- Mei-Lien, Chen, Chiu-Jung, Chen, Wen-Yu, Yeh, Ju-Wei, Huang and I-Fang, Mao (2003). Heat stress evaluation and worker fatigue in a steel plant. American Indust. Hygiene Assoc. J., 64 (3): 352 -359.
- Vincent, E. Dimiceli, Steven F. Piltz and Steven, A. (2011). Amburn: Estimation of black globe temperature for calculation of the wet bulb globe temperature index, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, IIN WCECS 2011, October 19-21, 2011, San Francisco, USA.
- Weather forecasting data published on website of Indian Meteorological Department between January 2008 to December 2008.
- Ye, Yao, Zhiwei, Lian, Weiwei, Liu and Qi, Shen (2008). Experimental study on physiological responses and thermal comfort under various ambient temperatures, Physiol. & Behav., 93 : 310–321.
- www.imd.gov.in
- Effect of WBGT on Body Thermal Responses for Agricultural Workers in Southern Rajasthan, India
Abstract Views :202 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering (Farm Machinery and Power Engineering), College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering (Farm Machinery and Power Engineering), College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 10, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 55-59Abstract
Rajasthan state is in west region of India. Maximum temperatures rise sharply exceeding 45° C by the end of May and early June resulting in harsh summers in the state. Heat stress is a condition that is caused by worker over-exposure to the high temperature work environments often found in outdoor agriculture operations. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) is a measure of heat stress. Considering the range of temperatures prevalent in the Rajasthan state during the months of May and June, agricultural operations during these months and the associated heat stress on the agricultural workers, this study was designed to ascertain the effect of WBGT on body thermal responses of agricultural workers. Southern Rajasthan was selected to conduct this study. The study was conducted on 12 farm workers. Different WBGT of 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C and 32°C were selected for this study. Thermal parameters included head, forehead and oral temperature. Forehead temperature was observed to decrease with an increase in WBGT. Heavy sweating was observed at high WBGT and this resulted in the decrease in skin and forehead temperature. Oral and head temperature was observed to increase with increase in WBGT. Since oral temperature is also considered to be the core temperature of body, it increased with increase in WBGT. Head absorbs the direct solar radiations and hence, its temperature increased with increase in WBGT.Keywords
WBG (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature), Heat Stress, Thermal Responses, Head Temperature, Forehead Temperature, Oral Temperature, Core Body Temperature.References
- Dash, S.K. and Kjellstrom, T. (2011). Workplace heat stress in the context of rising temperature in India. Curr. Sci., 101 (4) : 496-503.
- Huguette, M.L.L. and Pierre, D. (2009). Physiological responses to heat strain: a study on personal monitoring for young workers. J. Thermal Biol., 34 : 299–305
- Ismail, A.R., Rani, M.R.A., Makhbul, Z.K.M., Nor, M.J.M. and Rahman, M.N.A. (2009). A study of relationship between WBGT and relative humidity to worker performance. World Academy Sci. , Engg. & Technol., 51 : 209-214.
- Keim, S.M., Guisto, J.A. and Sullivan, J.B. (2002). Environmental thermal stress. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med., 9 : 1–15
- Parsons, K. (2006). Heat stress standard ISO 7243 and its global application. Industrial Health, 44 : 368–379.
- www.imd.gov.in
- Development of Portable Knapsack Power Weeder
Abstract Views :217 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 11, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 35-40Abstract
Weed management is an ever-present challenge to crop production. Presence of weeds in general reduces crop yield by 31.5 per cent (22.7 % in Rabi season and 36.5 per cent in Kharif and summer season). Yield losses due to weeds were about 65 per cent depending on the crop, degree of weed infestation, weed species and management practices. Presently available weeder mostly run by tractor or power tiller, these are large in size, cannot work for low inter row spaced crops.To over come these problems, portable knapsack power weeder was developed for low inter row spaced crops with width of cut was 25 cm. The main working components of power weeder were flexible drive shaft, worm gear box, rotor shaft, flanges and blades. The” L” type blade was selected having length, width and thickness of 130 mm, 30 mm and 5 mm, respectively, operating with a rotor shaft of 20 mm in diameter. Maize and chilli was tested with number of blades per flange (2, 4 and 6).Keywords
Engine, Flexible Drive Shaft, Worm Gear Box, Rotor Shaft, Flanges, Blades.References
- Anonymous (2007). Perspective plan vision 2025.National Research Center for Weed Science. Jabalpur (M. P.) India.
- Anonymous (2011). Indian Council of Agricultural Research (Vision 2030).
- Bernacki, H., Haman, J. and Kanafojski, C. (1972). Agricultural Machines, Theory and Construction.Vol-I, Scientific publication, Central Institute of Scientific, Technical and Economic Information, Warsaw, Poland, pp. 426-428.
- Kankal, U. S. (2013). Design and development of self-propelled weeder for field crops. Internat.J. Agric. Engg., 6: 304-310.
- Khodabakhshi, A., Kalantari, D. and Mousavi, S. R. (2013). Effects of design parameters of rotary tillers on unevenness of the bottom of the furrows. Internat. J. Agron. & Plant Prod., 4 : 1060-1065.
- Nag, P. K. and Dutt, P. (1979). Effectiveness of some simple agricultural weeder with reference to physiological responses. J. Human Ergol., 8 : 13-21.
- Padole, Y.B. (2007). Performance evaluation of rotary power weeder. Agric. Engg. Today, 31: 30-33.
- Sabaji, T. D., Sahoo, P. K., Dipankar, D. E. and Iquebal, M. A. (2014).Design and development of ridge profile power weeder. J. Agric. Engg., 51: 7-13.
- Sahay, J. (2013). Elements of agricultural engineering, 5th Ed., Standard Publishers Distributors. Delhi, India.
- Sharma, D. N. and Mukesh, S. (2013).Farm machinery design, 3rd Ed., Jain Brother, New Delhi, India.
- Yaduraju, N.T. (2006). Herbicide resistant crops in weed management. In the extended summaries, Golden Jubilee National Symposium on Conservation Agriculture and Environment. Banaras Hindu University, Banaras. 26-28 October, 297-298pp.
- Performance Evaluation of Portable Knapsack Power Weeder
Abstract Views :202 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur (Rajasthan), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 11, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 364-368Abstract
India is a vast country having agriculture sector as the backbone of its economy. A weed is essentially any plant which grows where it is unwanted or not required. A weed can be thought of as any plant growing in the wrong place at the wrong time and doing more harm to the farmer income. Several weeders are available which run by tractor or power tiller, these are large in size can not work for low inter row spaced crops. The portable knapsack power weeder is evaluated two different crops such as maize and chilliwith each blade (2, 4 and 6 blades per flange) combination. During the evaluation field capacity, field efficiency, weeding efficiency, plant damage, fuel consumption, performance index were evaluated. Actual field capacity of weeder for maize and chillicrop with 6 blades was 0.023 ha/hand 0.025 ha/h. Field efficiency of weeder for maize and chilli crop was 61.3 per cent and 66. 6.Weeding efficiency for maize and chilli crop was 89.3 per cent and 85.2 per cent. Plant damage for maize and chillicrop was 2.4 per cent and 3.30 per cent.Keywords
Knapsack Power Weeder, Field Capacity, Field Efficiency, Weeding Efficiency, Plant Damage, Fuel Consumption, Performance Index.References
- Ambujam (1993). Evaluation of power weeder performance. Agric. Mechanization Asia, Africa & Latin America, 24: 16.
- Anonymous (2011). Indian Council of Agricultural Research (Vision 2030).
- Kepner, R.A., Bainer, R. and Barger, E.L. (1978).Principles of farm machinery, 3rd Ed., CBS Publications and Distributors, New Delhi, India.
- Rangasamy, K., Balasubramanian, M. and Swaminathan, K. R. (1993). Evaluation of power weeder performance. Agric. Mechanization Asia, Africa & Latin America, 24 : 16-18.
- Sahay, J. (2008). Farm power and farm mechanization,Elements Agric. Engg., 1–16.
- Tajuddin, A. (2006). Design, development and testing of engine operated weeder. Agric. Engg. Today, 30: 25-29.
- Yadav, R. and Pund, S. (2007). Development and ergonomic evaluation of manual weeder.Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR E J., 9 : 1-9.
- Screening of Coriander Genotypes for their Relative Susceptibility against Aphids under Field Conditions
Abstract Views :216 |
PDF Views:123
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
1 ICAR-National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
Source
Journal of Horticultural Sciences, Vol 14, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 125-129Abstract
The field experiments were conducted during Rabi 2013-14 and 2014-15 to screen out twelve varieties/entries of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) for their relative susceptibility against aphids. None of the varieties/entries escaped the infestation of aphids. The build-up of aphid infestation started from second half of December and reached to its maximum in the first to third week of February in both years and then gradually declined. On the basis of grade index of mean aphid population, coriander varieties RCr- 684 (25.45 aphids/plant), RCr-446 (26.45 aphids/plant), ACr-1 (26.60 aphids/plant), RCr- 436 (41.75 aphids/plant), Gujarat Coriander-2 (42.45 aphids/plant), Pant Haritma (43.50 aphids/plant) and Gujarat Coriander-1 (43.70 aphids/plant) were categorized as least susceptible, Rajendra Swati and RCr-41 were moderately susceptible, whereas, Swati (CS-6), Sadhna (CS-4) and Sindhu (CS-2), 73.88, 70.60 and 69.50 aphids/plant, respectively were categorized as highly susceptible varieties of coriander against aphids under field conditions. Coriander variety RCr-684 received maximum yield (16.82 and 16.63 q/ha) for both the years followed by ACr-1 and RCr-446.Keywords
Aphids, Coriander Genotypes, Semi-Arid region and Susceptibility.References
- Butani, D.K. 1984. Spices and pest problems; coriander. Pesticides, 18(9): 15-17.
- Gomez, A.K. and Gomez, A.A. (1983). Statistical procedure for agricultural research. 2ndEdn. Wiley Interscience Publication, New York, pp 25.
- Meena, P.C., Sharma, J.K. and Noor, A. 2002b. Varietal reaction of coriander Coriandrum sativum L. and impact of date of sowing in incidence of aphid Hyadaphis coriandri Das. Indian Journal of Entomology, 64(1): 58-62.
- Moulin, Leo (2002). Eating and Drinking in Europe: A Cultural History. Mercatorfonds. p. 168.
- Sankaracharya, N.B. and Sankaranarayana, M.L. 1989. Processing and flavor quality of seed spices. First National Seminar Seed Spices, Jaipur, 24-25 October, pp. 301-328.
- Zheljazkov, V. D.; Astatkie, T; Schlegel, V (2014). Hydrodistillation extraction time effect on essential oil yield, composition and bioactivity of coriander oil. Journal of Oleo Science. 63 (9): 857–65.